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一天一个C Run-Time Library 函数(8) assert
write by 九天雁翎(JTianLing) -- blog.csdn.net/vagrxie
msdn:
Evaluates an expression and, when the result is false,
prints a diagnostic message and aborts the program.
|
void
assert(
int expression
);
|
测试程序:
无
说明:
assert实在是所有C语言运行库中用的最多的函数之一,这么说可能有些让人惊讶,事实上却很容易让人接受,除了用于日志记录和控制台输出的函数printf+文件一族函数,还有哪个函数会被频繁的调用啊。
这里说明一下,其实虽然assert在debug的时候肯定不会调用,但是其实你可以定义一个宏,比如我们公司JTASSERT来替代assert,然后用另外一个宏作为开启开关,比如__JTASSERT__,这样,就算在debug版本下你也获得了是否使用断言的功能。另外,其实更进一步的用法是使用一个数字作为JTASSERT的参数,然后将__JTASSERT__的宏定为一个数值,然后只在参数的整数大于此宏定义数值的时候才真正调用assert,那么就实现了一个可控级别的断言函数。
再另外,一般的assert在release下就没有作用了,这时候还是想要断言的话,可以用abort函数自己来实现。
最后,用assert(false);的形式可以断言你认为不会进入的分支,这在if-else if的多重语句中,最后一个语句,还有switch的default分支中使用,价值很大。
实现:
MS:
基本上没有什么太多技术含量,就不贴了,说下流程,无非就是先判断是否是控制台的程序,然后用两条线来实现,控制台的从命令行输出错误信息,不是控制台的直接弹出对话框。(其实我自己都感觉这样的分析和事实有出入,因为以前写的服务器在控制台下也是弹出对话框的)到最后都是调用abort函数实现,其实最想不到的是微软竟然也会用abort函数。。。。。。。。呵呵
gcc:
比MS的简单的更多,因为没有需要判断是否用GUI来提示,最后也是用abort来实现,代码也不贴了。
效率测试:
无
相关函数:
abort
个人想法:
真正健壮的代码就是一直在干你想干的事情,出现异常或错误也能恢复。但是事实上,出现异常和错误能够让你知道,这也是很重要的,特别是与很多人一起调试的时候。这个时侯,assert就是很重要的了,比如参数的检验,自赋值的预防,等等都是可以给你省下很多调试的时间。其实,很多时候,设计的时间要远远大于编码的时间。而调试的时间又会大于设计的时间,这是我在刚学习编程的时候所不能想想的。。。。。但是工作中感受到了。
2009.1.24后补:其实assert的实现还是有点意思的,当时只是随便看了下assert.c文件,所以那样说,今天再看《C陷阱与缺陷》的时候发现了这一点,我在这里补上:
#define assert(_Expression) (void)( (!!(_Expression)) || (_wassert(_CRT_WIDE(#_Expression), _CRT_WIDE(__FILE__), __LINE__), 0) )
assert是个宏,大部分人可能都不会惊讶,不然也达不到debug时有效,release时无效的效果,但是最有意思的是判断是否需要弹出异常的方式,并没有使用if-的判断方式,仅仅是为了避免宏的副作用。假如是用if方式实现的话,当在外部通过
if(someEx)
assert(someEx);
else
assert(someEx);
的形式使用时,会使得else与assert中的if配对,而发生问题。。。。所以通过&&,||的计算顺序特性来完成:)又是一个C语言的小技巧啊。。。。太多这样的奇技淫巧了-_-!
write by 九天雁翎(JTianLing) -- blog.csdn.net/vagrxie
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